Annotated Matter
Even before greece there was democracy, republicism, monarchy, local Self government etc, in India. The Indian Political thought was contained in Rig Veda, Mahabharat, Kautaliya Arthshastar, Kamandkiya nistar, Shukaraniti, etc.
iqLrd ds fo"k; esa
izkphu Hkkjr esa ;wuku ls Hkh igys fodflr x.kra=kRed iztkra=] LFkkuh; Lo'kklu] e;kZfnr jktra=] jkT;kfHk"ksd ,oa inP;qfr esa tuer dh xfjeke; Hkwfedk] jktin gsrq fu/kkZfjr vkpkj lafgrk] lE;d~ n.M fo/kku] mUur dj iz.kkyh] mRd`"V fons'k uhfr] ;q) ,oa 'kkfUr ds loZekU; fu;e ,oa jkt/keZ tSls egRoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij xaHkhj fpUru dh ijEijk dk foLr`r fooj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
fPkUru ds {ks= esa izkphu Hkkjr dh xfjeke; miyfC/k;ksa dk ys[kk&tks[kk laLd`r dkO;ksa ls ,d= dj fo'ys"k.kkRed <ax ls ,d gh LFkku ij izLrqr gksus ls izkphu Hkkjr ds xkSjo dks le>uk vklku gks x;k gSA
Xosn] egkHkkjr] dkSfVyh; vFkZ'kkL=e~] dkeUndh;uhfrlkj%] 'kqØuhfr% tSls egRoiw.kZ xzUFk] tks ek= /kkfeZd xzUFk ds :i esa tkus tkrs gSa] esa fNis mRd`"V jktn'kZu dks izLrqr dj jktuhfrd fpUru ds {ks= esa Hkkjr dh vxz.kh; Hkwfedk dk fnXn'kZu gqvk gSA
iqLrd dh fo"k; oLrq nk'kZfudksa] jktuhfrd fopkjdksa] f'k{kkfonksa] Hkkjrh; laLd`frdkjksa] bfrgkldkjksa] ;kstukdkjksa] 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ,oa fo|kfFkZ;kas dks jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa ,oa vo/kkj.kkvksa ds fodkl esa Hkkjr dh izphure xfjeke; Hkwfedk ds v/;;u gsrq laxzg.kh; nLrkost gSA
MkW- foØe flag ¼1960½ EkSuiqjh] m-iz-] o"kZ 1996 ,oa 2003 ds fy, m-iz- fgUnh laLFkku }kjk Øe'k% ^fot;nso ukjk;.k lkgh iqjLdkj* ,oa ^vKs; iqjLdkj* ls iqjLd`r 1985 CkSp ds m-iz- iz'kklfud lsok ds vf/kdkjh gSa] mUgsa o"kZ 1997 ds ^eqyknsoh dkO; iqjLdkj* ds vfrfjDr ^fgUnh Hkw"k.k* vkfn ls fofHkUUk laLFkkvksa }kjk lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA
fons'k ea=ky; esa voSrfud fgUnh lykgdkj jg pqds MkW- flag dh dforkvksa ,oa jsfM;ks ukVdksa dk izlkj.k vkdk'kok.kh dsUnzksa] chchlh yUnu ,oa nwjn'kZu }kjk gksrk jgrk gSA mudh lkfgfR;d ;k=k,a & vesfjdk] fVªuhMkM ,oa VkscSxks] lwjhuke] baXyS.M] ÝkUl] csfYte;] gkyS.M] MsuekdZ ,oa ukosZ esa gqbZ gaSA fiazfVax feLVsd] ydM+cX?ks % 'kgj esa ¼dfork laxzg½] rnFkZ ¼jsfM;ks ukVd½] ljgn] eEeh % QkWnj ekus D;k\ ¼iVdFkk½] rktegy ls VkWojfczt] lwjt % pk¡nuh jkr esa ¼;k=k o`rkUr½] ;FkkFkZ ds lekukUrj ¼fucU/k laxzg½] ikuh ds fu'kku ¼dgkuh laxzg½ mudh vU; d`fr;ka gSaA lEizfr og lfpo] laHkkxh; ifjogu izkf/kdj.k vyhx<+ ds in ij dk;Zjr gSaA
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